Geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte des Gesprächs zwischen Arzt und Patient[1]

Zusammenfassung

Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die Rolle des Geschlechts von Ärzten und Patienten bei der Kommunikation in der Arzt-Patient-Interaktion zu erörtern. Da es bisher nur wenige Forschungsergebnisse zum Einfluss des Geschlechts auf die Arzt-Patient-Interaktion speziell auf dem Gebiet der Rehabilitation oder der Behandlung chronischer Krankheiten gibt, werden vor allem Forschungsergebnisse aus der Allgemeinmedizin präsentiert. Ärztinnen kommunizieren emotionaler und weniger dominant als Ärzte. Patientinnen besprechen mehr psychosoziale Themen und geben mehr Informationen von sich preis. Ärzte und Ärztinnen geben mehr Informationen an Patientinnen und kommunizieren partnerschaftlicher mit ihnen. Patienten und Patientinnen kommunizieren partnerschaftlicher mit Ärztinnen und geben ihnen mehr psychosoziale und medizinische Informationen über sich selbst. Gleichgeschlechtliche Dyaden scheinen häufig günstiger für die Arzt-Patient-Interaktion zu sein. Gegengeschlechtliche Dyaden sind besonders schwierig, wenn eine junge Ärztin einen Patienten berät. Es lässt sich nicht kategorisch ein einziger guter Kommunikationsstil für alle Ärzte festlegen. Vielmehr müssen die vorliegenden Forschungsergebnisse in Kommunikationstrainings integriert werden, um Ärzten ein gewisses Repertoire an Kommunikationsverhalten zur Auswahl stellen zu können.

Abstract

This article aims at shedding light on the role of physician and patient gender in the medical consultation. Because of the scarce amount of studies concentrating on gender aspects of the physician-patient interaction in rehabilitation or chronic disease, mostly results from general medicine are reported. Female physicians have a more emotional and less dominant communication style. Female patients bring up more psychosocial topics and disclose more information about themselves in general. Both female and male physicians give more information and apply a more partnership-oriented communication style when seeing a female patient. Female and male patients communicate more partnership-oriented with female physicians and share more psychosocial and medical information with them. Same-gender dyads seem beneficial most of the time for physician-patient communication. Mixed-gender dyads are more difficult, especially when a younger female physician sees a male patient. There is no single good communication style recommendable for all physicians. Rather, the research results presented should be applied to communication trainings for physicians. This could provide physicians with a flexible choice of communication styles to apply according to different situations.

Arzt-Patient-Interaktion - Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation - Geschlecht - Geschlechtsrollen - chronische Krankheiten

physician-patient interaction - physician-patient communication - gender - sex roles - chronic disease

Literatur

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1 In diesem Artikel werden der Lesbarkeit halber stets die Begriffe Arzt und Patient verwendet, wenn beide, also männliche und weibliche Ärzte oder Patienten gemeint sind. Wo ein Unterschied zwischen Ärzten und Ärztinnen oder Patienten und Patientinnen aufgezeigt wird, werden die Begriffe explizit getrennt genannt.

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